Dysthymia Disorder
DB
Double Board Certified Counseling Services
Dysthymia (Persistent Depressive Disorder) — Patient Education
Understanding Dysthymia (Persistent Depressive Disorder)
Patient Education Updated:
What is Dysthymia?
Dysthymia—also called persistent depressive disorder—is a long-lasting, typically milder form of depression. People can function day-to-day, but live with a chronically low mood and other symptoms. Some experience occasional episodes of major depression on top of the persistent symptoms.
Common Symptoms
- Lasting sad, anxious, or “empty” mood
- Low energy or fatigue
- Low self-esteem; feelings of hopelessness
- Concentration or decision-making difficulties
- Sleep changes (insomnia or sleeping much more)
- Appetite/weight changes (eating more or less)
Diagnosis generally requires at least 2 years of depressed mood in adults (1 year in children/teens) plus ≥2 symptoms.
Causes & Risk Factors
There is no single cause. Contributing factors may include brain-chemistry changes, genetics/family history, life stressors, and trauma. Dysthymia can occur alongside anxiety, substance use, or medical illnesses.
How It’s Diagnosed
A licensed clinician evaluates mood history and symptoms over time, rules out other conditions and substances, and may coordinate medical workup when appropriate.
Treatment Options
- Therapy: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) help change negative patterns and build coping skills.
- Medication: Antidepressants can help; full effect often takes 4–6 weeks. Don’t stop or adjust without your prescriber.
- Combined care: Many people benefit most from therapy plus medication and routine follow-up.
Self-Care Tips
- Set small, realistic goals and break tasks into steps.
- Keep regular sleep, meals, and movement routines.
- Stay connected—talk with trusted people and seek support.
- Avoid alcohol/drugs; they can worsen symptoms.
- Be patient—improvement is gradual; track wins and progress.
If you have thoughts of self-harm, call or text the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline (U.S.) or go to the nearest emergency room.
Source: Johns Hopkins Medicine, “Dysthymia (Persistent Depressive Disorder).”
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